Evolution and GTS Vocab (Unit #5)


EVOLUTION AND GTS VOCABULARY – UNIT #5
1.      Species – Group of organisms that can mate with each other to produce fertile offspring
2.      **Generation Time – Period between birth of one generation and birth of the next generation
3.      Pangaea – Single landmass surrounded by gigantic ocean; means “all Earth”
4.      Struggle to Survive – Part of natural selection theory: individuals within a population compete with each other for limited resources
5.      Mesozoic Era – Period from 248 mya-65 mya; called “age of reptiles
6.      **Fossil Record – Historical sequence of life indicated by fossils found in layers of Earth’s crust
7.      Extinct – Describes a species that has died out completely
8.      Evolution – Process by which populations’ inherited characteristics change over time
9.      Absolute Dating – Method of measuring the age of fossils or rocks in years
10.  Inherited Variation – Part of natural selection theory; individuals within a population have slightly different traits
11.  Relative Dating – Estimating the age of rocks and fossils
12.  Darwin – Naturalist who is considered the “father of evolution” and wrote the theory of natural selection
13.  Neanderthal – Hominid that hunted large animals, made fire, and wore clothing
14.  Plate Tectonics – Theory that explains how large pieces of Earth’s crust move and change shape
15.  Paleozoic Era – Period from 543 mya-248 mya; means “ancient life”
16.  Fossil – Remains or imprint of a once living organism
17.  Cenozoic Era – Period from 65 mya-present day; called “age of mammals”
18.  Precambrian Time – Period from 4.6 mya-543 mya; no oxygen, volcanic eruptions, intense sun radiation
19.  Adaptation – Characteristic that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment
20.  Hominid- Type of primate that includes only humans and their human-like ancestors
21.  Speciation – Formation of a new species as a result of evolution (separation, adaptation, division)
22.  Natural Selection – Process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapted individuals; theory to explain evolution
23.  Homo sapiens – Species of hominids that included modern humans and their closest ancestors
24.  Overproduction – Part of natural selection theory; each species produces more offspring than will survive to reproduce
25.  GTS (Geologic Time Scale) – Standard method used to divide Earth’s long natural history into manageable parts
26.  Successful Reproduction – Part of natural selection theory; individuals that are better equipped to live in an environment are more likely to survive to reproduce

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