Cells in Action Vocab (Unit #3)


Cells in Action Vocabulary (Unit #3)

11) Endocytosis:  process by which a cell surrounds a large particle and brings it into the cell
  2) Interphase:  phase during which chromosomes are copied
  3)    Chromosome:  structure in a nucleus made of DNA and protein
  4) Photosynthesis:  process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria capture energy from the sun to make food    
   5)  Glucose:  carbohydrate (sugar) produced by plants during photosynthesis
   6)    Active transport:  movement of particles across the cell membrane that requires the cell to use energy
   7)    Centromere:  region where the sister chromatids are held together
   8)    Prophase:  phase during which mitosis begins and the nuclear membrane dissolves
   9)    Diffusion:  movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density
  10)     Telophase:  phase during which nuclear membranes form around the chromosomes and mitosis is complete
  11)     Mitosis:  complicated process of chromosome separation
  12)  Fermentation:  breakdown of food without the use of oxygen   
  13)     Exocytosis:  process by which a cell releases a large particle to the outside of the cell
   14)     Metaphase:  phase during which the chromosomes line up at the equator (middle) of the cell
  15)     Osmosis:  diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane
  16)     Homologous chromosomes:  chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure
  17)     Cellular respiration:  process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food
  18)  Anaphase:  phase during which the chromatids separate and move to opposite sides of the cell
  19)     Cytokinesis:  the division of cytoplasm of a cell
   20)   Passive transport:  movement of particles across a cell membrane without the use of energy

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